Technical Glossary

Understand the names, abbreviations, parts and repair terms used across GTE Engineering’s new parts, replacement assemblies and rebuild services. This guide covers transmission systems, PEGA clutches, hydraulics, engine management, cooling, braking, steering, electronics, emissions and hybrid/electric technology.

Updated October 24, 2026 · 286 glossary entries plus the PEGA Stages 1–5 guide

Quick links: ASM · F1 · E-Gear · Cambiocorsa · Selespeed · SAP · CCP · PEGA Stages 1–5

How to use the guide: Brand names identify systems, not universal interchangeable parts. Confirm your vehicle, gearbox and part number. The product listing and approved estimate define what is included in a purchase or rebuild. General automotive entries explain terminology; they do not mean GTE stocks or services every system described. Abbreviations can have more than one meaning, so read them in the context of the vehicle and component.

0–9

4RM — Ferrari four-wheel-drive system

Systems

Ferrari’s four-wheel-drive designation associated with the FF and applicable GTC4Lusso models. Its front-drive PTU is separate from the rear transmission. References to 4RM do not mean that a PTU rebuild includes the rear DCT or every all-wheel-drive component.

GTE Engineering rebuilt 7DCL750 transmission with green security seals and inspection paperwork
GTE Engineering rebuilt 7DCL750 transmission with green security seals and inspection paperwork.

A

ABS — Anti-lock Braking System

Braking and safety

Modulates brake pressure to help prevent wheel lock during braking, preserving steering control. ABS cannot create tire grip where none is available.

ACC — Adaptive Cruise Control

Braking and safety

Adjusts vehicle speed to help maintain a selected following gap. In wiring or ignition-switch descriptions, ACC can instead mean accessory power. Read the abbreviation in context.

Accumulator

Hydraulics

Stores hydraulic energy under pressure so the system can operate the clutch and gear actuators. It helps stabilize pressure and reduce pump cycling; it does not generate pressure itself.

Actuator (clutch / gear)

Clutch

A device that turns a control command into movement. A clutch actuator operates the clutch; a gear actuator moves the mechanism that selects or engages a gear.

Adaptive learning / self-learning

Electrical and diagnostics

Adjustments the transmission computer makes to learned operating values. Depending on the system, a diagnostic learning procedure may also be required after repair.

ADAS — Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

Braking and safety

A group of driver-support features such as collision warnings, adaptive cruise control and lane assistance. Equipment and capability vary by model; sensors may need calibration after relevant repairs.

AEB — Automatic Emergency Braking

Braking and safety

A driver-assistance function that can apply braking when it detects an imminent collision within its operating limits. It does not replace driver attention.

AFR — Air–Fuel Ratio

Engine and exhaust

The proportion of air mass to fuel mass used for combustion. Target ratios vary with fuel, engine and operating conditions; a gasoline reference value is not universal for every fuel blend.

AGM / EFB battery

Electrical and diagnostics

AGM means Absorbent Glass Mat; EFB means Enhanced Flooded Battery. Both are lead-acid battery technologies used in appropriate applications. Replacement type, rating and any registration procedure must match the vehicle.

Alternator / starter motor

Electrical and diagnostics

The alternator supplies electrical power and charges the battery while the engine runs. The starter turns the engine for starting. Integrated starter-generators combine functions in some vehicles.

AMT — Automated Manual Transmission

Systems

A manual-type gearbox whose clutch and gear changes are operated by actuators under computer control. Ferrari F1, Maserati Cambiocorsa and Lamborghini E-Gear are examples. An AMT is different from a dual-clutch transmission.

Anti-roll bar / sway bar

Steering and suspension

Links suspension movement across an axle to resist body roll. It differs from a strut brace and from the springs or dampers.

APP — Accelerator Pedal Position

Engine and exhaust

The pedal-position signal used by electronic engine control to interpret driver demand. It is not the same measurement as throttle-valve position.

ASM — Aston Martin automated manual

Systems

Aston Martin uses ASM for its automated manual transmission systems. Service literature uses Auto-Shift Manual; other model literature uses Automatic Shift Manual or Automated Sequential Manual. An ASM car has a manual-type gearbox with automated clutch and gear actuation. When a listing says ASM unit, check whether it covers the hydraulic power unit, actuator or another assembly.

ATF — Automatic Transmission Fluid

Fluids

A fluid category used in specified transmission or hydraulic applications. ATF is not one universal formulation. The precise approval and application must match the vehicle’s requirements.

Automatic transmission (torque converter type)

Systems

A transmission that can change ratios automatically and commonly uses a torque converter to connect the engine to the transmission. It differs from an automated manual and from a DCT. An automatic driving mode or paddle shifters alone do not identify the internal gearbox design.

AWD / 4WD / RWD

Systems

AWD means all-wheel drive, 4WD means four-wheel drive and RWD means rear-wheel drive. These describe driven-wheel arrangements. The transfer units, couplings, differentials and control systems vary by vehicle; the abbreviation alone does not determine fitment.

B

Backlash / preload

Measurements

Backlash is the clearance between mating gear teeth. Preload is a deliberately applied initial load, often in bearings. Both require assembly-specific measurement and adjustment.

Balancing — static / dynamic

Clutch

Checking and correcting uneven mass distribution in a rotating component or assembly. Dynamic balancing considers imbalance during rotation, including its distribution across planes. Balancing does not repair a cracked part or correct all causes of clutch vibration.

Banjo fitting / sealing washer

Hydraulics

A fluid connection using a hollow bolt through a ring-shaped fitting, usually sealed by washers at the joint. Reuse and tightening requirements depend on the specified hardware and procedure.

Bar / psi

Measurements

Units of pressure. One bar is approximately 14.5 psi. A pressure rating or diagnostic value must refer to the correct circuit and conditions; a sensor’s range is not automatically the system’s target operating pressure.

BCM — Body Control Module

Electrical and diagnostics

Controls or coordinates body electrical functions such as lighting and locks, depending on the vehicle. It is different from the engine or transmission controller.

Bearing / thrust bearing

Gearbox

A bearing supports motion and load between parts. A thrust bearing primarily handles axial load along a shaft. Bearings are selected by function, dimensions, clearance and application, not appearance alone.

Bellhousing

Gearbox

The housing connecting the engine and transmission around the clutch or drive connection.

Bench testing

Ordering and service

Testing a removed component with workshop equipment under specified conditions. It checks the functions covered by that test; installation checks and vehicle calibration may still be necessary.

Bench-tested versus vehicle-tested

Ordering and service

Bench testing evaluates a removed component under specified workshop conditions. Vehicle testing checks its operation within the installed system. One does not automatically replace the other or include installation, bleeding and learning procedures.

Bite point

Clutch

The point at which the clutch begins transmitting torque. See PIS for the related setting used on applicable Ferrari F1 and Maserati systems.

Bleeding

Hydraulics

Removing trapped air from a hydraulic circuit. Air can interfere with pressure and actuator movement. The correct procedure depends on the vehicle and system.

BMS — Battery Management System

Hybrid and electric

Monitors and manages battery operation, including relevant cell voltages, temperatures and charging limits. It is different from a BCM body-control module.

Boost pressure

Engine and exhaust

Intake pressure produced by forced induction. A pressure figure must state whether it is gauge pressure above atmospheric pressure or absolute pressure. Boost alone does not define engine horsepower or clutch torque demand.

Brake booster / servo

Braking and safety

Reduces the driver effort needed to apply the brakes. Designs include vacuum and powered assistance; a booster is different from the hydraulic master cylinder.

Brake caliper / rotor / pad

Braking and safety

The caliper applies the pads to the rotating brake disc, also called a rotor. Friction slows the wheel and converts motion into heat. These are separate service components.

Brake master cylinder

Braking and safety

Converts pedal or booster force into hydraulic pressure for the brake circuits. It is distinct from a clutch master cylinder.

C

Calibration / adaptation

Electrical and diagnostics

A prescribed procedure that establishes or learns operating positions and control values after installation or repair. Calibration cannot repair worn parts, leaks or electrical faults.

Camber / caster / toe

Steering and suspension

Wheel-alignment measurements. Camber is wheel tilt viewed from the front; caster describes steering-axis inclination viewed from the side; toe describes whether wheels point inward or outward viewed from above.

Cambiocorsa — Maserati

Systems

An Italian name combining cambio (gearbox or gear change) and corsa (racing). It identifies Maserati’s automated manual system on applicable models. The driver can request shifts without operating a clutch pedal; hydraulic actuators carry out the clutch and gear movements. A Cambiocorsa pump rebuild does not include the entire transmission.

CAN bus — Controller Area Network

Electrical and diagnostics

The vehicle's communication network, allowing control modules such as the engine and transmission computers to exchange information.

CAN node

Electrical and diagnostics

A control module or device communicating on a Controller Area Network. Manual-conversion work can involve configuration of several nodes; changing one component does not ensure every module is correctly configured.

Cat-back / axle-back exhaust

Engine and exhaust

Cat-back generally describes the exhaust downstream of the catalytic converters; axle-back generally describes a rear exhaust section. Exact included components vary by kit, so check the itemized listing.

Catalytic converter / high-flow catalyst

Engine and exhaust

An exhaust component that helps reduce pollutants. High-flow describes a performance-oriented design, not proof of emissions approval. Check the exact product and permitted application rather than assuming fitment means road legality.

Cavitation / aeration

Measurements

Cavitation involves vapor bubbles forming and collapsing when local liquid pressure falls sufficiently. Aeration is air mixed into fluid. Both can affect pump performance, but they have different mechanisms.

CCA / Ah — Cold Cranking Amps / Ampere-hours

Electrical and diagnostics

CCA describes starting-current performance under a specified cold test. Ah describes charge capacity under stated test conditions. They measure different battery characteristics.

CCP unit — Getrag clutch hydraulic control assembly

Clutch

Commonly called the Clutch Control Panel in repair terminology; technical literature also uses Clutch Carrier Plate. In the Getrag 7DCL750 context, this assembly carries hydraulic components that control clutch operation, including valves and pressure feedback. In plain language: it controls how the clutches apply and release so engine power can reach the gearbox. It is separate from the friction clutch pack and from the SAP. The exact components serviced or replaced depend on the approved repair scope.

Cell count — catalytic converter

Engine and exhaust

Usually a description of substrate cell density, such as cells per square inch. Cell density alone does not establish emissions conversion performance, certification or compatibility.

Check valve / non-return valve

Hydraulics

A valve designed to allow flow in one direction and restrict flow in the opposite direction. Leakage through it can affect pressure retention.

CHRA — Center Housing Rotating Assembly

Engine and exhaust

The central turbocharger assembly containing the rotating shaft/wheels and bearing housing components. Replacing or rebuilding a CHRA does not automatically replace all external housings or the boost-control actuator.

CKP / CMP — Crankshaft / Camshaft Position sensor

Engine and exhaust

CKP reports crankshaft rotation and position; CMP identifies camshaft position. The controller uses these signals for synchronization, injection and ignition.

Clutch basket / carrier

Clutch

The structure that holds and drives parts of a multi-plate clutch assembly. Wear or damage can affect clutch operation.

Clutch disc / friction lining

Clutch

The disc and friction material that transmit torque when clamped. Relining replaces the friction material on a suitable reusable disc; it does not by itself replace every part of the clutch assembly.

Clutch drag

Clutch

The clutch continues transmitting unwanted torque when commanded to release. Possible effects include difficult gear engagement or vehicle creep; the cause requires diagnosis.

Clutch hub / spline

Clutch

The clutch hub connects the friction disc to the gearbox shaft through matching splines. Correct tooth count, dimensions and condition are essential; a disc with the wrong spline cannot be selected by outside diameter alone.

Clutch judder / chatter

Clutch

An uneven vibration or repeated grabbing during clutch take-up. Possible contributors include friction surfaces, contamination, geometry, mounts or control calibration. It is a symptom, not a diagnosis of one failed component.

Clutch kiss point

Clutch

Another term for the onset of torque transfer during clutch engagement. Different control systems learn or specify this point differently; it is related to bite point, but procedures and values are not universal.

Clutch pack

Clutch

A group of friction plates and mating plates that work together as a clutch. A DCT contains two independently controlled clutch paths.

Clutch piston

Clutch

A hydraulic piston that applies or releases a clutch within the relevant transmission design. A piston kit is a component repair, not automatically a complete friction-clutch replacement.

Clutch slip

Clutch

A difference in speed across an engaged clutch. Controlled slip is normal during takeoff; excessive unintended slip creates heat and can indicate wear, inadequate clamping pressure or another fault.

Clutch wear percentage

Clutch

A diagnostic estimate derived from learned positions and software calculations on applicable systems. It is not a direct measurement of lining thickness and must be assessed with correct calibration, operating history and physical condition.

Coding / programming / calibration

Electrical and diagnostics

Coding configures supported settings; programming installs or changes software; calibration establishes applicable operating parameters. These terms are related but not interchangeable, and none repairs a physical leak or damaged gear.

Common rail / CRDI

Engine and exhaust

Common-Rail Direct Injection uses a shared high-pressure fuel rail supplying electronically controlled injectors. It is widely associated with diesel engines; the rail is separate from the pump and injectors.

Compression ratio / compression test

Engine and exhaust

Compression ratio compares cylinder volume with the piston at the bottom and top of its stroke. A compression test measures cranking pressure; the two are different quantities.

Core / core clutch

Ordering and service

The used component supplied for rebuilding or returned as part of an exchange arrangement. Rebuild suitability depends on inspection of its condition and completeness.

Core charge / core deposit

Ordering and service

A charge associated with an exchange component. Any credit or refund depends on the specific listing's return requirements and acceptance criteria; it is not automatically applicable to every rebuild service.

Crank power / wheel power

Measurements

Power measured or estimated at the engine differs from power measured at the driven wheels. Drivetrain losses and test methods affect the relationship. Do not treat wheel and crank figures as equivalent when selecting a clutch.

CV joint / CV boot

Steering and suspension

CV means Constant Velocity. A CV joint transmits drive while accommodating operating angles; its boot retains grease and excludes dirt. A boot replacement does not restore an already worn joint.

Cylinder leak-down test

Engine and exhaust

Applies controlled air pressure to a cylinder to evaluate sealing. Where air escapes can help distinguish leakage past valves, piston rings or another path. Results depend on the test procedure.

D

Damper / shock absorber / strut

Steering and suspension

A damper controls suspension motion. A suspension strut also acts as a structural part of the wheel-location arrangement. A spring supports load; it does not do the same job as the damper.

DCT — Dual-Clutch Transmission

Systems

A transmission with two independently controlled clutches serving separate gear paths. It can prepare the next gear before transferring drive between the clutches. Dual-clutch is different from a twin-disc clutch.

DEF / AdBlue

Engine and exhaust

DEF means Diesel Exhaust Fluid, a specified aqueous urea solution used by many SCR systems. AdBlue is a registered trade name for this type of fluid. It belongs in its dedicated tank, not the diesel fuel tank.

Diagnosis / diagnostic trouble code (DTC)

Electrical and diagnostics

Diagnosis is the process of testing to identify a fault's cause. A DTC is a code stored by a control module. A code identifies a detected problem or circuit; it does not, by itself, prove that one particular component must be replaced. DTC and DCT mean different things.

Diagnostic tester / ST5

Electrical and diagnostics

A scan tool communicates with supported vehicle control modules to read faults and data or run available service functions. ST5 is a diagnostic-tool designation in the GTE catalog. Coverage depends on the actual model, year, module and tool version.

Diaphragm spring

Clutch

The spring element in many pressure plates that produces clamping force and is acted on by the release mechanism. Finger wear, distortion or damage can affect release and engagement.

Differential

Gearbox

A gear assembly that distributes drive to the wheels while allowing them to rotate at different speeds when cornering.

DL501 / 0B5

Systems

Designations associated with an Audi longitudinal seven-speed dual-clutch transmission family. This family differs from the R8/Huracán DL800 and Getrag 7DCL750. Confirm the actual transmission code and component number before treating a clutch or circuit board as compatible.

DL800 transmission

Systems

A Graziano/Dana seven-speed dual-clutch transaxle used in applications including the Lamborghini Huracán and Audi R8. It is a different transmission family from the Getrag 7DCL750; parts and procedures are not interchangeable merely because both are DCTs.

DOHC / SOHC — Double / Single Overhead Camshaft

Engine and exhaust

Describes the camshaft arrangement above the cylinder head: two camshafts per head for DOHC or one for SOHC. These abbreviations alone do not specify the number of valves per cylinder.

DPF — Diesel Particulate Filter

Engine and exhaust

Traps diesel exhaust particles. Regeneration burns accumulated soot under controlled conditions; it does not remove all noncombustible ash. A blocked filter requires diagnosis of the cause.

Dry clutch / wet clutch

Clutch

A dry clutch operates without its friction surfaces being immersed in oil. A wet clutch uses oil for cooling and lubrication. Each requires the correct materials and service procedures.

Dry-fill / service-fill quantity

Fluids

Dry-fill quantity concerns a system emptied or assembled under specified conditions; a routine service may leave fluid in internal passages or coolers. The two quantities may differ. Final level must be checked using the correct temperature and procedure.

DSG — Direct Shift Gearbox

Systems

Volkswagen Group terminology for a dual-clutch gearbox. Different DSG families use different designs, clutch types and fluids. DSG is not sufficient identification for ordering a valve body, sensor, clutch or oil.

Dual-mass flywheel (DMF)

Clutch

A flywheel assembly with two masses and a damping mechanism intended to reduce torsional vibration. It differs from a solid flywheel and requires design-specific inspection and service decisions.

DuoSelect — Maserati

Systems

Maserati’s automated manual transmission designation on applicable Quattroporte models. It uses an electro-hydraulic shift system and a clutch operated without a driver clutch pedal. The Quattroporte Automatica uses a different automatic transmission arrangement. Model year and VIN must be checked rather than assuming all Quattroporte gearboxes are DuoSelect.

Duty cycle

Electrical and diagnostics

The proportion of time a device is energized during a defined period. For a controlled solenoid, this may describe the electrical command; for a pump, it may describe running time.

E

E-Diff — Electronic differential control

Hydraulics

A system that electronically controls differential locking behavior to influence traction and handling. It is distinct from the transmission's gear-selection mechanism.

E-Gear — Lamborghini

Systems

Lamborghini’s name for the electronically controlled automated manual system used on applicable Gallardo and Murciélago models. Hydraulic components operate the clutch and select gears. E-Gear is a product name, rather than a universal expanded acronym. The pump, accumulator, actuator, hoses, clutch and gearbox are distinct parts of the system.

EBD — Electronic Brake-force Distribution

Braking and safety

Adjusts the distribution of braking force between wheels or axles to suit operating conditions. It commonly works through the ABS hardware.

ECM / PCM — Engine / Powertrain Control Module

Electrical and diagnostics

ECM usually identifies the engine controller. PCM refers to a powertrain controller whose responsibilities can include engine and transmission functions. Naming and module arrangements vary.

ECT — Engine Coolant Temperature

Engine and exhaust

A temperature measurement used for engine management and cooling control. An ECT sensor fault is different from a confirmed overheating condition.

ECU — Electronic Control Unit

Electrical and diagnostics

A general term for an electronic controller. In engine-related discussions, ECU commonly means Engine Control Unit. The transmission controller may be called a TCU or TCM.

EFI — Electronic Fuel Injection

Engine and exhaust

Uses electronic control to meter fuel through injectors. EFI is a broad description that includes different injection arrangements.

EGR — Exhaust Gas Recirculation

Engine and exhaust

Returns a controlled amount of exhaust gas to the engine intake or combustion process to influence combustion temperature and reduce nitrogen-oxide formation. The valve and cooler are separate possible components.

EGT — Exhaust Gas Temperature

Engine and exhaust

The temperature of exhaust gas at a specified measurement location. It may be monitored for engine protection and exhaust-treatment control.

Electro-hydraulic pump / power unit

Hydraulics

A pump produces hydraulic flow; the system develops pressure against resistance. A power unit may include the pump, motor, reservoir, accumulator and related controls, depending on the application. Check the listing for the supplied assembly.

Electrovalve (EV)

Hydraulics

Another name for an electrically controlled hydraulic valve, usually a solenoid valve. It opens, closes or meters a fluid passage. Similar-looking valves may have different functions and are not automatically interchangeable.

EPB — Electric Parking Brake

Braking and safety

An electrically operated parking brake. It is separate from the transmission’s Park lock; replacing rear brake parts may require a vehicle-specific service mode.

EPC — Electronic Power Control

Electrical and diagnostics

A warning or system term used in some Volkswagen Group applications for electronic engine/power control. It does not identify one failed part. The vehicle’s stored faults and operating symptoms must be checked.

EPS — Electric Power Steering

Steering and suspension

Steering assistance provided by an electric motor under electronic control. An EPS rack differs from a hydraulically assisted rack and may require model-specific coding, initialization or calibration after replacement.

ESP / ESC — Electronic Stability Program / Control

Braking and safety

Helps counter skidding by comparing the driver’s intended direction with vehicle motion and adjusting individual brakes and engine torque. ESP is Bosch’s name; ESC is the general term.

ETC — Electronic Throttle Control

Electrical and diagnostics

Electronic control of the engine throttle using sensors, a controller and an actuator. The abbreviation must be read in context. In ordinary writing, “etc.” means “and so on”; it is not a part name.

EV / BEV — Electric Vehicle / Battery Electric Vehicle

Hybrid and electric

EV commonly means electric vehicle; BEV specifically identifies a battery-powered electric vehicle. In hydraulic repair literature, EV can instead mean electrovalve. Read the system context.

EVAP — Evaporative Emission Control

Engine and exhaust

Captures and controls fuel vapor rather than letting it escape directly to the atmosphere. Components can include a charcoal canister, purge valve and vent valve.

EVF — clutch electrovalve designation

Hydraulics

In applicable Italian automated-manual hydraulic diagrams, EVF identifies the clutch-control electrovalve, associated with frizione (clutch). An EVF hose or line refers to that circuit in the relevant product listing. Confirm routing, fittings and application; it is not a universal hose size or part number.

Exchange unit

Ordering and service

A supplied assembly associated with return of an eligible used core under the listing’s conditions. Core approval, deposit terms and deadlines depend on the specific offer.

External leakage

Hydraulics

Fluid escaping outside the intended sealed circuit. The visible drip location may differ from the source, so the leak should be traced before parts are selected.

F

F1 — Ferrari Formula 1-derived paddle-shift system

Systems

F1 means Formula 1. On applicable Ferrari road cars, the F1 designation refers to an electronically controlled, hydraulically operated manual gearbox with steering-wheel shift controls. The system operates the clutch and gear selection for the driver. It is not a Formula 1 race gearbox, and not every paddle-shift Ferrari uses this older automated-manual architecture.

F1-S / SuperFast terminology

Systems

Performance-shift wording used in particular Ferrari applications and GTE service descriptions. The meaning depends on the model or package. It does not by itself identify a universal actuator, software version or DCT. Read the exact product scope and application.

Final drive

Gearbox

The reduction gear arrangement between the transmission output and driven wheels, often integrated with the differential. It is distinct from the selectable gear ratios.

Fitment / compatibility

Ordering and service

Whether a part is suitable for the exact vehicle and assembly configuration. Confirm using the VIN, transmission identification, part number, revision and relevant modifications; appearance alone is not enough.

Flushing / contamination control

Fluids

Cleaning or exchanging fluid to reduce unwanted particles or incompatible residues using an appropriate procedure. Contaminated lines, reservoirs or coolers can affect a repaired assembly after installation.

Flywheel

Clutch

A rotating component attached to the engine that helps smooth rotation and provides a drive connection to the clutch. Inspection, resurfacing and balancing are different services and depend on flywheel design and condition.

Flywheel resurfacing

Clutch

Machining or finishing an eligible flywheel friction surface to the required geometry and condition. Some flywheel designs have restrictions. Surface finish, step dimensions and remaining thickness must be checked.

Friction coefficient

Measurements

A measure of friction behavior between contacting materials under particular conditions. It varies with material, temperature and operating state. A friction coefficient alone is not a complete clutch torque-capacity rating.

Friction material

Clutch

The lining that creates friction to transmit torque in a clutch. Material choice affects engagement characteristics, heat behavior and wear; suitability depends on the application and operating conditions.

Front suspension lift / nose lift

Steering and suspension

A system that temporarily raises the front of an applicable vehicle for clearance. Its pump, motor, valves, pressure controls and relay can be separate service items. It is distinct from the transmission hydraulic system.

G

Gasket / seal / O-ring

Hydraulics

Parts that prevent unwanted fluid leakage or separate fluid passages. A gasket usually seals a joint between surfaces; seals and O-rings suit specific static or moving interfaces. Replacing seals does not automatically include sensors, valves or gears.

GDI / DI — Gasoline Direct Injection / Direct Injection

Engine and exhaust

Fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber. GDI specifies gasoline; DI can also refer to diesel injection. The pump, injectors and pressure requirements are application-specific.

Gear engagement sleeve

Gearbox

A sliding component that locks a selected gear to its shaft so it can transmit drive.

Gear oil / hydraulic fluid / DCT fluid

Fluids

Fluids with different jobs and specifications. Gear oil lubricates gears and bearings; hydraulic fluid operates pressure-controlled components; a DCT fluid may also serve wet clutches. Some transmissions have separate circuits. Never choose or mix fluids by color or a general system nickname.

Gear ratio

Measurements

The relationship between input and output rotational speeds. Different ratios change the balance between wheel torque and vehicle speed.

Gear selector / shift rail

Gearbox

Parts that guide and transmit gear-selection movement inside or alongside a gearbox. Actuator movement must correctly operate the selector mechanism; an electrical command alone does not prove a gear engaged.

Genuine / OE / OEM / aftermarket

Ordering and service

Genuine usually refers to the vehicle brand’s supplied part; OE means original equipment; OEM means original equipment manufacturer; aftermarket refers to the replacement market outside the vehicle maker’s original supply channel. Listing usage varies, so verify the stated manufacturer and source rather than relying on a label alone.

Getrag / Magna

Systems

Supplier names encountered in transmission identification and parts listings. Getrag developed transmission families including the 7DCL750. A manufacturer name alone does not identify a gearbox version, fluid specification or compatible replacement part.

Getrag 7DCL750 / 7DCL800

Systems

Getrag dual-clutch transmission designations used in high-performance applications. Confirm the exact transmission version and part number: shared family names do not establish component compatibility. See SAP and CCP for the hydraulic assemblies discussed in 7DCL750 repairs.

GPF / OPF — Gasoline / Otto Particulate Filter

Engine and exhaust

A particulate filter used on applicable gasoline engines to reduce particle emissions. It serves a different function from a catalyst, even when components are combined.

Graziano / Dana

Systems

Supplier names found on several high-performance manual, automated manual and dual-clutch transmission applications. Sharing a supplier does not mean two transmissions share parts. Use the gearbox identification and application-specific part number.

Ground / earth / voltage drop

Electrical and diagnostics

Ground is the circuit’s electrical reference and return path. Voltage-drop testing measures voltage lost across connections or components while current flows, helping locate excessive resistance.

H

Hall-effect sensor

Electrical and diagnostics

An electronic sensor that responds to a magnetic field and may measure speed or position. It differs from a resistive potentiometer; testing must suit the sensor design.

Headers / exhaust manifold

Engine and exhaust

Pipes or passages collecting exhaust gas from the cylinder head and directing it downstream. Fitment depends on the engine, chassis and connected exhaust components. A performance label alone does not establish road-use approval.

HEV / PHEV / MHEV

Hybrid and electric

HEV means Hybrid Electric Vehicle; PHEV means Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle; MHEV means Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Their electric-driving and charging capabilities differ by design.

High-pressure hose / return hose

Hydraulics

A high-pressure hose carries fluid in a pressurized working circuit. A return hose routes fluid back toward the reservoir or lower-pressure side. They can require different construction and fittings and must not be interchanged simply because their diameters look similar.

HP / bhp / PS / kW

Measurements

Power units or measurement descriptions. HP is horsepower, bhp commonly describes brake horsepower, PS is metric horsepower and kW is kilowatts. Measurement standard and location matter; these labels should not be mixed without clarification.

HPFP — High-Pressure Fuel Pump

Engine and exhaust

Raises fuel pressure for the injection system. It is different from the low-pressure supply pump in or near the tank. A pressure fault requires testing of the complete supply and control system.

HV — High Voltage

Hybrid and electric

Identifies the higher-voltage electrical system used in electric and hybrid powertrains. Work on this system requires the specified isolation procedures, training and equipment.

Hydraulic circuit

Hydraulics

The connected passages, pipes, hoses and components through which hydraulic fluid flows to operate a system.

Hydraulic control unit (HCU)

Hydraulics

An assembly that controls hydraulic pressure and directs fluid to working components. It may contain valves, sensors and passages. HCU, power unit and actuator may refer to different assemblies in different listings; compare the part number and included components.

Hydraulic power unit (HPU)

Hydraulics

An assembly that provides hydraulic supply, commonly using a pump and motor with associated reservoir, accumulator or controls. It supplies the energy needed by the actuator; it is not automatically the gear actuator itself.

Hydraulic pressure sensor

Hydraulics

Measures fluid pressure and sends an electrical signal to a controller. A pressure-related fault can involve the sensor, wiring or actual hydraulic pressure, so testing is needed.

I

IAT — Intake Air Temperature

Engine and exhaust

The temperature of air entering the engine, measured by a separate sensor or one integrated into another assembly. The controller uses it to adjust engine operation.

ICE — Internal Combustion Engine

Engine and exhaust

An engine that burns fuel inside its cylinders to produce mechanical power. Gasoline and diesel engines are common examples.

Ignition coil / spark plug

Engine and exhaust

The coil generates the high voltage needed for the spark plug to ignite the mixture in a spark-ignition engine. They are separate components with different service requirements.

Impeller

Cooling

The rotating part of a pump that moves fluid. Its condition, attachment and design affect circulation. A pump can have a functioning drive while suffering an internal impeller problem.

Input shaft / output shaft

Gearbox

The input shaft receives drive into the gearbox. The output shaft delivers drive from the gearbox toward the final drive or wheels.

Input speed / output speed

Gearbox

Rotational-speed measurements at different locations in a drivetrain. Comparing them helps the controller assess gear ratio, clutch slip and operation. A fault in one speed signal is not automatically a failed clutch.

Inspection report / estimate / additional work

Ordering and service

An inspection report records findings; an estimate sets out proposed work and charges. Additional parts or services should be identified in the applicable approved scope. A diagnostic finding is not automatically an included replacement.

Installation / removal and refitting (R&R)

Ordering and service

Labor to remove a component from the vehicle and install it or its replacement. This may be separate from a mail-in rebuild price. Fluids, bleeding, coding, calibration and road testing should be identified in the agreed scope.

Intercooler / charge-air cooler

Engine and exhaust

Cools compressed intake air after a turbocharger or supercharger. Designs may transfer heat to ambient air or to a liquid circuit. It is different from the engine radiator.

Intermediate plate / floater plate

Clutch

A plate used between friction discs in certain multi-disc clutches. Its condition, flatness and movement affect engagement and release. A twin-disc assembly has more parts to assess than the friction linings alone.

Intermittent fault

Electrical and diagnostics

A problem that appears only sometimes, such as at a particular temperature or vibration level. Testing may need to reproduce those conditions; clearing codes alone does not repair it.

Internal leakage / bypass

Hydraulics

Fluid leaking between passages or past a sealing surface inside an assembly. It may reduce pressure or performance without producing visible fluid outside the unit.

Inverter / DC–DC converter

Hybrid and electric

An inverter in an electric drivetrain converts battery DC into controlled AC for the traction motor and supports reverse energy flow where designed. A DC–DC converter changes DC voltage levels, for example to supply the low-voltage electrical system.

ISO standards

Ordering and service

Standards published by the International Organization for Standardization. The applicable standard must be identified for a specific process or quality claim; mentioning ISO alone does not establish certification.

ISR — Independent Shifting Rods

Systems

Lamborghini’s automated manual transmission technology associated with the Aventador. Independent shift-rod operation enables rapid gear changes. ISR is not a dual-clutch gearbox; its clutch, hydraulics and gear-selection parts require the correct ISR-specific identification.

K

Knock sensor / detonation

Engine and exhaust

A knock sensor detects characteristic engine vibrations associated with abnormal combustion. The controller can adjust ignition timing. A knock-related fault does not always mean the sensor itself has failed.

kWh — Kilowatt-hour

Hybrid and electric

A unit of energy, often used for battery capacity. kW measures power. Battery kWh and motor kW describe different characteristics.

L

Lambda / O2 sensor

Engine and exhaust

An exhaust oxygen sensor helps the controller assess combustion mixture. Lambda compares the actual air–fuel ratio with the chemically balanced ratio for that fuel: 1 is balanced, below 1 is rich and above 1 is lean.

Launch control

Systems

A vehicle control function that coordinates engine and transmission operation during a rapid start from rest. Availability and operating limits depend on the vehicle.

LED — Light-Emitting Diode

Electrical and diagnostics

An electronic light source used in vehicle lamps. A replacement LED assembly must match the electrical interface, physical fit and application. An LED upgrade is not a transmission or engine control upgrade.

LH / RH / LHD / RHD / SX / DX

Ordering and service

LH and RH mean left-hand and right-hand; LHD and RHD describe driving position. In Italian parts references, SX means sinistra (left) and DX means destra (right). Confirm the catalog’s orientation and component illustration before ordering.

Limited-slip differential (LSD)

Gearbox

A differential that limits excessive speed difference between its outputs to help transfer drive when traction differs.

Limp mode / reduced-performance mode

Electrical and diagnostics

A protective operating strategy used when a controller detects a condition that requires restricted operation. It may limit power, available gears or other functions. The warning describes a response, not the root cause.

LIN — Local Interconnect Network

Electrical and diagnostics

A vehicle communication network commonly used for relatively simple local devices, such as actuators and switches. LIN and CAN have different signaling and diagnostic requirements.

Live data / freeze-frame data

Electrical and diagnostics

Live data shows values reported during a diagnostic session. Freeze-frame data records selected operating information when a fault was stored. Both require interpretation against the correct conditions and specifications.

M

MAF — Mass Air Flow sensor

Engine and exhaust

Measures the mass of intake air so the engine controller can calculate fueling and other functions. It differs from a manifold-pressure sensor.

Manual / gated manual transmission

Systems

A gearbox in which the driver selects gears and normally operates a clutch pedal. Gated refers to a guide plate for the shift lever. A gated-conversion kit changes the driver controls and related systems according to its stated scope; it does not automatically replace or rebuild all gearbox internals.

MAP — Manifold Absolute Pressure sensor

Engine and exhaust

Measures intake-manifold pressure relative to a vacuum reference. Absolute pressure includes atmospheric pressure, so it differs from a gauge boost reading.

Master cylinder — clutch

Clutch

The cylinder that converts clutch-pedal movement into hydraulic pressure on applicable manual systems. It differs from the slave cylinder, which produces movement at the clutch.

MC Auto Shift — Maserati

Systems

A Maserati automatic-transmission control strategy used on applicable models with a conventional automatic gearbox. It is different from the electro-actuated MC Shift transaxle. Confirm the actual transmission before selecting a clutch, hydraulic actuator or rebuild package.

MC Shift — Maserati

Systems

Maserati’s performance-oriented electro-actuated gearbox designation on applicable GranTurismo models. It belongs to the automated manual family. MC Shift and MC Auto Shift are different transmission descriptions; the presence of steering-wheel paddles or an MC badge alone does not identify which transmission is fitted.

Mechanical seal — water pump

Cooling

A sealing arrangement that separates coolant from areas that should remain dry or separately lubricated. It differs from a simple external gasket. Leakage through a tell-tale opening can help reveal a sealing problem.

Mechatronics unit

Gearbox

A term for an assembly combining mechanical, hydraulic and electronic control functions. The components included vary by transmission; the term does not always mean the entire transmission computer and every hydraulic component.

MIL / CEL — Malfunction Indicator Lamp / Check Engine Light

Electrical and diagnostics

The engine/emissions warning lamp. It signals that the controller detected a relevant fault; read the stored codes and follow the vehicle’s guidance, especially if the lamp flashes.

Misfire

Engine and exhaust

A combustion event that fails or produces insufficient contribution. Causes can include ignition, fueling, air leaks or mechanical condition. A cylinder misfire code is a starting point for testing.

MT-1 / L140 transmission identification

Systems

Transmission designations encountered in Graziano gearbox service. They should not be treated as universal identifiers for all Ferrari, Lamborghini or Audi gearboxes. Match the actual unit identification, vehicle application and part number before ordering.

N

Naturally aspirated / NA

Engine and exhaust

Describes an engine that draws intake air without a turbocharger or supercharger. NA in a parts table may instead mean not applicable; context matters.

New part

Ordering and service

A component sold as new under the listing’s stated condition. New does not automatically mean genuine vehicle-brand packaging. Confirm manufacturer, included components, fitment and whether installation or calibration is separate.

NVH — Noise, Vibration and Harshness

Measurements

A description of unwanted sound, vibration and roughness perceived in a vehicle. An NVH complaint can arise from mounts, rotating parts, tires or other systems, not only the transmission.

O

OBC — On-Board Charger

Hybrid and electric

Converts external AC electrical supply into suitable DC for charging the traction battery. It is distinct from a DC fast charger outside the vehicle.

OBD / OBD-II

Electrical and diagnostics

On-board diagnostics terminology. OBD-II defines standardized diagnostic functions, but a generic scanner may not access every manufacturer-specific transmission function, learning routine or fault detail.

Odd / even gear paths

Gearbox

The two gear groups controlled by a DCT's separate clutches. In the Ferrari Getrag 7DCL750 configuration, one path serves gears 1, 3, 5 and 7, and the other serves gears 2, 4, 6 and reverse. Loss of one group requires diagnosis of the relevant mechanical, hydraulic and electrical systems.

OEM / OEM-spec

Ordering and service

OEM means Original Equipment Manufacturer. OEM-spec describes a stated specification or operating target; it does not automatically mean a part was manufactured by the vehicle maker. Read the listing for the component's manufacturer and intended specification.

OEM-quality / OEM-style

Ordering and service

Descriptive claims about a replacement part’s intended quality or behavior. These phrases do not by themselves prove original-equipment manufacture or vehicle-brand approval. The listing should identify the actual part and applicable specification.

Oil cooler / heat exchanger

Cooling

Transfers heat between oil and another medium such as air or coolant. It can be affected by restrictions, external damage or internal leakage. A replacement cooler must match the circuit and application.

Oil filter / strainer

Fluids

Components that remove or screen contaminants from a fluid supply. A strainer and a fine filter may perform different jobs. Replacing a filter does not remove every contaminant already distributed through a damaged system.

Open circuit / short circuit

Electrical and diagnostics

An open circuit is an interrupted electrical path. A short circuit is an unintended low-resistance connection. Diagnostic wording describes the detected circuit condition, not automatically the exact failed component.

Oscilloscope / waveform

Electrical and diagnostics

An oscilloscope displays how an electrical signal changes over time. Waveform testing can reveal intermittent faults or timing relationships that a simple resistance check misses.

OTO — One-to-One / GTE program naming

Systems

OTO is used in Ferrari One-to-One model/program terminology and in the name of GTE’s Ferrari 360 OTO clutch program. These references must be read in context. The GTE 360 OTO clutch configuration is a specific product program, not a generic synonym for every dual-clutch transmission.

P

Paddle shift

Systems

Steering-wheel or steering-column controls that request gear changes. Paddles can be fitted to automated manuals, DCTs and conventional automatics. They describe the driver interface, not the transmission architecture.

Park lock / parking pawl

Gearbox

A mechanism that mechanically locks part of the transmission to prevent rotation in the park position on applicable designs. It is separate from a service brake or parking brake.

Part number (PN / P/N / MPN)

Ordering and service

PN or P/N means part number; MPN means manufacturer part number. Numbers, suffix letters and revisions help identify components. Similar numbers do not guarantee interchangeability.

PCV — Positive Crankcase Ventilation

Engine and exhaust

Controls ventilation of combustion gases that pass the piston rings into the crankcase, commonly routing them back to the intake. Faults can affect oil leakage, oil consumption and running quality.

PDK — Porsche dual-clutch transmission

Systems

PDK stands for Porsche-Doppelkupplungsgetriebe, meaning Porsche dual-clutch transmission. Porsche uses different PDK versions across its vehicles. A part labeled DSG, S tronic or DL501 is not automatically a Porsche PDK fitment; verify the exact gearbox and part number.

PEGA Clutch®

Clutch

GTE's clutch component and friction-lining brand. The selected lining and rebuild specification determine the intended application. A PEGA clutch lining service does not imply that every component in the drivetrain is a PEGA product.

PFI / MPI — Port Fuel Injection / Multi-Point Injection

Engine and exhaust

Fuel is injected into the intake ports before the intake valves. Multi-point generally means separate injection points for individual cylinders. Some engines combine port and direct injection.

PID — Parameter ID / proportional-integral-derivative

Electrical and diagnostics

On a scan tool, PID commonly identifies a data parameter. In control engineering, PID means proportional-integral-derivative control. The same letters have different meanings in these contexts.

PIS — Clutch engagement reference

Clutch

A calibration setting used on applicable Ferrari F1 and Maserati automated manual systems to establish the onset of clutch engagement. Correct adjustment depends on the model, control software and clutch condition; there is no single value suitable for every vehicle. See bite point.

Potentiometer / position sensor

Electrical and diagnostics

A position sensor reports the location of a component such as a gear selector or clutch actuator. A potentiometer is one type of position sensor; other designs use different sensing technology.

Pre-charge — accumulator

Hydraulics

The gas pressure established in an accumulator before hydraulic operating pressure is applied. Pre-charge is different from the system’s running hydraulic pressure. The correct value and serviceability depend on the accumulator design.

Pressure plate

Clutch

The part of a clutch assembly that applies clamping force to the friction disc or discs.

Pressure relief valve

Hydraulics

A valve that limits pressure by opening a flow path when its operating conditions are met. It differs from a pressure sensor, which measures pressure, and from a pump, which moves fluid.

Pressure retention / leak-down

Hydraulics

How well a hydraulic circuit holds pressure over time under defined conditions. Pressure decay can reflect leakage, commanded operation, temperature changes or accumulator behavior. Interpretation requires the correct test conditions.

Priming / pressure build-up

Hydraulics

The process of establishing fluid supply and operating pressure before or during system use. Slow pressure build-up can have several causes, including supply, pump, accumulator or leakage problems; it does not identify one failed part by itself.

Proportional valve / on-off valve

Hydraulics

A proportional valve meters a controlled hydraulic response; an on-off valve primarily opens or closes a path. Similar external appearance does not prove identical internal function or interchangeability.

PTU — Power Transfer Unit

Systems

A unit that transfers drive within an all-wheel-drive system. On the Ferrari FF and applicable GTC4Lusso models, the front-drive PTU is a separate assembly from the rear DCT. A PTU repair and a DCT repair are separate service scopes.

Pump head

Hydraulics

The fluid-moving section of a pump assembly. It may be serviced separately from the electric motor depending on the design and product scope.

Pump motor

Hydraulics

The electric motor that drives a pump. The motor and pump head have separate functions: a sound motor does not prove the pump can produce the required flow, and a pump problem does not automatically mean the motor is faulty.

PWM — Pulse-Width Modulation

Electrical and diagnostics

A method of controlling average electrical output by switching a signal on and off with a varying duty cycle. It is used in many motor and solenoid control applications.

Q

Quick-disconnect coupling

Hydraulics

A connector that allows a fluid line to be joined or separated using its locking mechanism. Correct mating geometry, seals and pressure rating matter; a visually similar fitting may not be suitable.

R

R tronic — Audi R8

Systems

Audi’s automated manual transmission designation on applicable earlier R8 models. It has hydraulically operated clutch and gear selection. R tronic and S tronic use different transmission architectures, so the names must not be used interchangeably when ordering parts.

R tronic / S tronic — Audi

Systems

R tronic refers to the automated manual system used in applicable earlier R8 models. S tronic is Audi's dual-clutch transmission name. These systems require different parts and procedures.

Rebuild / refurbishment service

Ordering and service

Work performed on a used assembly to restore the functions covered by the agreed service. It may involve disassembly, inspection, cleaning, selected repairs or replacement parts, reassembly and testing. The listing and approved estimate define what is included; the word rebuild does not mean every internal part is replaced.

Rebuild service versus replacement assembly

Ordering and service

A rebuild service normally involves sending an existing component for the agreed work. A replacement assembly is a supplied unit in the condition stated by the listing. Exchange/core requirements, included hardware and installation are separate details to confirm.

Rebuilt / remanufactured / refurbished

Ordering and service

Terms for work on an existing component. Their scope varies by supplier and product. Ask what is inspected, renewed, repaired and tested; none of the words alone means every internal component is new.

Regenerative braking / regen

Hybrid and electric

Uses an electric machine to slow the vehicle while recovering energy to the battery. Available regeneration depends on battery and vehicle conditions; friction brakes remain part of the braking system.

Relay / fuse

Electrical and diagnostics

A relay switches an electrical circuit in response to a control signal; a fuse protects a circuit against excessive current under its specified conditions. A failed fuse or relay can be a symptom of another fault and should not be repeatedly replaced without diagnosis.

Release travel / clearance

Clutch

The movement and available space needed to disengage a clutch properly. Incorrect travel or clearance can cause incomplete release or other operating problems. Use the specification for the exact assembly.

Relining

Clutch

Replacing friction material on a reusable clutch component after inspection. Related pressure-plate, flywheel, bearing or sensor work is included only when stated in the service scope.

Repair kit / seal kit / complete assembly

Ordering and service

A kit contains its listed components for a particular job. A seal kit is not a complete rebuild kit unless explicitly stated. Complete assembly also requires an itemized scope: sensors, hoses, brackets or programming may still be separate.

Reservoir

Hydraulics

A container that stores fluid for a hydraulic system and allows supply to the pump. Reservoir level, venting and contamination must be assessed according to the correct procedure.

Resistance / ohms (Ω)

Electrical and diagnostics

Electrical resistance is measured in ohms. A coil resistance reading is one test only: correct resistance does not prove that a valve moves correctly or meters fluid properly under pressure and temperature.

Rev-matching

Gearbox

Adjusting engine speed to suit the next gear, particularly during a downshift.

RPM — Revolutions Per Minute

Measurements

A measure of rotational speed. Engine, gearbox-shaft and wheel RPM are different values connected by the active ratios and clutch state.

Runout / flatness

Clutch

Runout is measured deviation as a part rotates relative to a reference. Flatness describes how closely a surface lies in one plane. Excessive deviation can affect rotating assemblies, friction contact or sealing.

S

S tronic — Audi

Systems

Audi’s name for dual-clutch transmissions. Several different gearbox families carry the S tronic name. It identifies the transmission type, but not one universal gearbox or parts set. The R8’s DL800 and the 0B5/DL501 are distinct applications.

SAP unit — Getrag gear-selection hydraulic assembly

Hydraulics

Commonly called the Shift Actuating Panel in repair terminology; technical literature also uses Synchronizer Actuation Plate. In the Getrag 7DCL750 context, it operates the mechanisms that engage the selected gears. In plain language: the SAP moves the gear-selection mechanism, while the CCP controls clutch application. Servicing the SAP does not automatically include gears, synchronizers, the clutch pack or the CCP.

SCR — Selective Catalytic Reduction

Engine and exhaust

An exhaust-treatment process that reduces nitrogen oxides using a catalyst and a reducing agent. Many diesel systems use DEF/AdBlue dosing for this purpose.

Selespeed — Alfa Romeo

Systems

Alfa Romeo’s name for an electronically controlled, electro-hydraulically operated manual transmission on applicable models. The system operates the clutch and shifts gears for the driver. Selespeed is a system name, not a generic name for every automatic gearbox. Shared technology with other automated manuals does not make their parts or fluids universally interchangeable.

Sequential shifting

Systems

Selecting the next higher or lower gear in sequence. The term can describe the controls of a road-car automated manual, but it does not necessarily mean the internal design is the same as a racing sequential gearbox.

Shift fork

Gearbox

A mechanical component that moves a selector sleeve or related engagement mechanism to select a gear.

Slave cylinder / concentric slave cylinder (CSC)

Clutch

A hydraulic cylinder that converts fluid pressure into clutch-release movement. A concentric slave cylinder surrounds the gearbox input shaft and may integrate the release bearing. Listing scope determines whether the bearing, cylinder and sensor are included.

SMG / SMG II / SMG III — BMW

Systems

BMW terminology for its automated manual gearboxes. BMW M literature uses Sequential M Gearbox; Sequential Manual Gearbox is also used in service terminology. SMG II and SMG III identify different generations. A hydraulic pump-system rebuild is separate from a clutch replacement or complete gearbox rebuild.

SOC / SOH — State of Charge / State of Health

Hybrid and electric

SOC estimates how full a battery is. SOH estimates condition or capability relative to a reference. A fully charged battery can still have reduced health or capacity.

Software adaptation reset

Electrical and diagnostics

Clearing learned control values with a diagnostic procedure when required. A reset and the subsequent learning process are separate steps; a reset alone does not complete a repair.

Solenoid valve

Hydraulics

An electrically actuated valve that controls hydraulic fluid flow or pressure. See electrovalve (EV).

Speed sensor — gearbox / clutch

Clutch

Measures rotational speed at a specified shaft or component so the controller can monitor drive and shifting. Gearbox shaft, engine/input and clutch-related speed signals are distinct; the correct sensor must be identified for the fault and transmission version.

Sportshift / Sportshift II / Sportshift III

Systems

Aston Martin’s names for generations of automated manual transmission used in applicable models. Sportshift systems are associated with ASM terminology. Different generations have different components, software and procedures; identify the vehicle and unit before ordering. Sportshift is not a blanket description of every Aston Martin automatic transmission.

SRS — Supplemental Restraint System

Braking and safety

The airbag and associated restraint-control system, which may include seat-belt pretensioners. A warning identifies a system fault requiring diagnosis, not necessarily a failed airbag.

SSG — Seamless Shift Gearbox

Systems

McLaren’s name for its dual-clutch transmission. The seven-speed Graziano units in applicable McLaren models have their own parts and service procedures. SSG describes a transmission system; it does not make every McLaren gearbox version interchangeable.

Stage / service level

Ordering and service

A package name whose meaning depends on the particular product and service. A clutch Stage 1 and a transmission Stage 1 do not automatically include the same work or imply the same performance rating.

Stage 1 — GTE Getrag 7DCL750 service

Ordering and service

Teardown and inspection only. Additional parts, electronics and repair services are extra, including gearbox or clutch-related speed sensors, electrovalves, gears, seals, pumps, pressure sensors, gaskets, and refurbishment of the SAP and CCP hydraulic units. Refer to the product listing and approved estimate for the agreed scope.

Steering rack — hydraulic

Steering and suspension

A steering gear that converts steering input into side-to-side motion with hydraulic assistance. The rack, pump, hoses and control components are separate items. A rack rebuild is not a rebuild of the entire steering system.

Steering-angle sensor / alignment

Steering and suspension

The sensor reports steering position electronically; wheel alignment sets the physical wheel geometry. Sensor calibration and wheel alignment are different procedures that may both be relevant after steering work.

STFT / LTFT — Short-Term / Long-Term Fuel Trim

Engine and exhaust

Fueling corrections applied by the engine controller. Short-term trim responds quickly; long-term trim represents learned correction. The sign and magnitude help diagnosis but do not identify a failed part by themselves.

Superseded part number / revision

Ordering and service

A supersession is a replacement reference issued by a supplier or manufacturer; a revision identifies a changed version. Compatibility can depend on accompanying parts or software. Confirm the authorized replacement chain for the specific vehicle.

Suspension pump / steering pump

Steering and suspension

A pump supplying the designated vehicle hydraulic circuit. Some vehicle arrangements share a supply; others do not. The product number and circuit identify the correct application, not the word pump alone.

Synchronizer (synchro)

Gearbox

A gearbox mechanism that helps match rotational speeds before a gear is engaged. Hydraulic control repairs do not automatically repair worn or damaged synchronizers.

T

TCS / ASR — Traction control

Braking and safety

TCS means Traction Control System. ASR, from the German Antriebsschlupfregelung, is another traction-control designation. These systems limit excessive driven-wheel spin using braking and/or power reduction.

TCT — Twin Clutch Transmission

Systems

Alfa Romeo’s dual-clutch transmission designation. Applicable Alfa TCT systems use two clutch paths to prepare and execute gear changes. TCT differs from the earlier Selespeed automated manual system. A TCT shift-actuator service covers the stated actuator work, not automatically both clutches or all gearbox internals.

TCU / TCM — Transmission Control Unit / Module

Electrical and diagnostics

The computer that manages transmission operation using sensor information and commands to valves or actuators. It is not the same component as the clutch pack or a hydraulic valve body.

TCU circuit board / conductor plate

Electrical and diagnostics

An electrical assembly carrying circuits, connections or sensors in the relevant transmission-control design. Replacing a board is different from replacing all hydraulic valves or the entire mechatronics assembly.

TCU software upgrade / bypass module

Electrical and diagnostics

A software upgrade changes compatible controller software; a bypass module performs the specific interface or control function described by its supplier. Neither should be assumed to repair worn clutch hardware or failed hydraulics.

TDC / BDC — Top / Bottom Dead Center

Engine and exhaust

The piston’s highest and lowest travel positions. Timing specifications may refer to degrees before or after TDC.

Teardown and inspection

Ordering and service

Disassembling an assembly to examine its condition and identify required work. It is an assessment stage, not a promise that all repairs or replacement parts are included in the inspection price.

Thermal capacity / heat fade

Measurements

Thermal capacity concerns the heat an assembly can absorb or manage; heat fade describes reduced performance under elevated temperature. Material choice, assembly size, cooling and use all matter.

Thermal load

Measurements

The heat a component must absorb or dissipate during operation. Excessive clutch slip can increase thermal load.

Thermostat

Cooling

A temperature-responsive valve that regulates coolant routing as the engine warms and operates. It is separate from the coolant pump and temperature sensor.

Throw-out bearing (TOB) / release bearing

Clutch

The bearing that transfers release force to the rotating clutch mechanism. Some designs incorporate a hydraulic slave cylinder. Rebuilding this component does not automatically include the clutch disc or pressure plate.

Thrust washer / shim / end float

Gearbox

A thrust washer supports axial load or provides a wearing surface; a shim adjusts spacing. End float is permitted axial movement. Incorrect location or thickness can affect gearbox alignment and durability.

Tolerance / clearance / interference fit

Measurements

Tolerance is the permitted variation in a dimension. Clearance is a designed gap; an interference fit uses overlapping nominal dimensions to create a tight fit. Correct assembly requires the relevant component specifications.

Torque — Nm / lb-ft

Measurements

Torque is twisting force, commonly expressed in newton-metres or pound-feet. Engine torque delivery is central to clutch selection. A bolt-tightening torque specification is a different use of the same physical quantity.

Torque capacity

Measurements

The torque a component is designed or rated to transmit under specified conditions. Heat, wear, calibration and use can affect real-world performance; a stated rating is not an unlimited guarantee.

Torque-to-yield / TTY fastener

Measurements

A fastener tightened using a procedure designed to produce controlled permanent stretch. Replacement and tightening requirements come from the manufacturer; an angle-tightening step alone does not prove every bolt is TTY.

TPMS — Tire Pressure Monitoring System

Braking and safety

Monitors tire pressure directly with pressure sensors or indirectly through wheel behavior, depending on the design. Resetting the system does not correct an actual pressure loss.

TPS — Throttle Position Sensor

Engine and exhaust

Reports throttle-valve position. In electronic throttle systems it helps the controller check and regulate throttle movement.

Transaxle

Gearbox

A transmission and final-drive/differential arrangement combined in one assembly.

Turbocharger

Engine and exhaust

Uses exhaust-gas energy to drive a compressor that supplies pressurized intake air. A turbocharger rebuild concerns the turbo assembly under the stated scope; oil supply, intake leaks, exhaust restrictions and engine faults can also affect operation.

Turnaround time / lead time

Ordering and service

Turnaround generally describes service processing after the stated start conditions are met; lead time describes the expected time before supply or completion. Shipping, inspection approval and additional parts can affect the total elapsed time.

Twin-disc clutch

Clutch

A clutch using two friction discs operated together for one drive connection. It is different from a DCT, which uses two independently controlled clutch paths.

Twin-turbo / forced induction

Engine and exhaust

Twin-turbo describes an engine using two turbochargers; forced induction includes turbocharging or supercharging. Increased engine output changes drivetrain demands, but the actual torque curve and usage determine clutch selection.

U

UDS — Unified Diagnostic Services

Electrical and diagnostics

A diagnostic communication standard used for functions such as reading faults and programming supported modules. UDS support alone does not guarantee a tool covers every vehicle function.

V

Valve body

Hydraulics

An assembly of hydraulic passages and valves that directs and regulates fluid within a transmission or actuator system.

Valved exhaust

Engine and exhaust

An exhaust system with valves that change the gas path and sound behavior under specified conditions. The valves may use vacuum or electric actuation. A system described as valved is not necessarily supplied with every controller or actuator.

VIN / model year (MY)

Ordering and service

VIN means Vehicle Identification Number; MY means model year. They help determine equipment and production variations. Registration year alone may not identify the correct part.

Viscosity / oil grade

Fluids

Viscosity describes a fluid’s resistance to flow under specified conditions. An oil grade alone does not establish its complete additive chemistry or suitability for clutches, seals or hydraulic controls.

Viscous coupling / viscous coupler

Gearbox

A coupling that transfers torque through the behavior of viscous fluid between internal elements. Its fluid specification, fill quantity and internal condition affect operation. It differs from an electronically controlled clutch-type differential.

Voltage / current — V / A

Electrical and diagnostics

Voltage, measured in volts, is electrical potential difference; current, measured in amperes, is electrical flow. A normal unloaded voltage reading does not prove a circuit can supply the required current.

VVT — Variable Valve Timing

Engine and exhaust

Changes valve timing to suit engine speed and load. Systems can use oil-controlled camshaft adjusters or other designs; VVT does not necessarily mean variable valve lift.

W

Warranty / coverage

Ordering and service

The applicable written warranty defines covered work, duration, exclusions and claim steps. A glossary definition does not expand those terms. Review the product’s linked warranty and the approved estimate.

Wastegate / boost actuator

Engine and exhaust

The wastegate regulates exhaust flow through or around the turbocharger turbine to control boost. Its actuator moves the mechanism. A boost fault can involve control, leaks or other components, not just the turbocharger itself.

Water pump / coolant pump

Cooling

Circulates engine coolant through the cooling circuit. A pump rebuild may address the pump’s seals, bearings or other eligible components under the stated scope. It does not automatically include the radiator, thermostat or the entire cooling system.

Wear limit

Measurements

The maximum permitted wear or minimum acceptable dimension for a specific component under the applicable specification.

Weep hole / tell-tale opening

Hydraulics

An opening designed to reveal leakage or allow drainage at a particular assembly location. The source and fluid must be identified before deciding which seal or component needs repair.

Wiper motor

Electrical and diagnostics

The electric motor that drives the windshield-wiper linkage or mechanism. The motor, linkage, switches and control electronics are separate possible fault areas.

Wiring harness / connector

Electrical and diagnostics

The wiring and connection points linking components. Corrosion, pin damage, poor contact or insulation faults can cause symptoms that resemble a failed sensor or actuator.

WOT — Wide Open Throttle

Measurements

A condition in which the throttle is fully open. It is an operating term, not a recommendation to perform a full-load test on a faulty vehicle.

Y

Yaw rate

Braking and safety

How quickly the vehicle rotates around its vertical axis, as in a turn or skid. Stability-control systems use yaw information alongside other sensor readings.

Z

Zero-load calibration

Electrical and diagnostics

A descriptive term sometimes used for a calibration carried out without transmitted drivetrain load. It is not a universal named procedure; the applicable manufacturer procedure must be identified.

PEGA Clutch® — Stages 1–5, engagement feel and power capacity

PEGA clutch stages describe friction-lining configurations and their intended driving character. Choose a stage for your vehicle, engine output and use, as well as the engagement feel you want.

These are clutch performance stages. They are separate from GTE transmission service levels: PEGA Stage 1 is an organic clutch-lining specification, whereas GTE Getrag 7DCL750 Stage 1 means teardown and inspection only.

Quick comparison: soft to harsh engagement

Comfort scale: 5 = softest / most comfort-oriented; 1 = most aggressive / least comfort-oriented. The descriptions below translate PEGA’s published comfort scale into plain language. They describe engagement character, not measured pedal effort. Actual feel depends on the clutch assembly, vehicle, installation, break-in and calibration.

PEGA clutch lining and comfort guide
Stage Lining configuration Comfort / feel Intended driving balance
1 Full FX4C-SC Organic 5/5 — softest, progressive, OEM-style 80% regular / 20% sport
2 FX4C-SC Organic + BFXX Ceramic 4/5 — firmer, more noticeable bite 60% regular / 40% sport
3 Full FXSS-SC Kevlar® 3/5 — performance-oriented engagement 40% regular / 60% performance
4 FXSS-SC Kevlar® + BFXX Ceramic 2/5 — aggressive, reduced low-speed comfort 20% regular / 80% high performance
5 Full BFXX Ceramic 1/5 — harsh, most aggressive 100% racing

The percentages describe PEGA’s intended use balance. They are not horsepower gains, torque-capacity increases or permitted operating-time limits.

Stage 1 — Organic / OEM-style comfort

Full FX4C-SC organic lining prioritizes smooth takeoff and everyday drivability with occasional sport use. This is the comfort-focused choice for customers seeking an OEM-style driving character. Confirm suitability for the vehicle’s actual engine output, especially if tuned.

Stage 2 — Organic and ceramic / sport manual

Combines FX4C-SC organic and BFXX ceramic material. PEGA positions this stage for sport driving and gated manual applications. Expect a firmer engagement character than the comfort-focused Stage 1. Compatibility with an automated clutch system must be checked for the particular application.

Stage 3 — Full Kevlar® / performance

Full FXSS-SC Kevlar® lining is PEGA’s performance-oriented option for applicable F1 and E-Gear systems, with manual applications also offered in the product range. It balances performance use with some regular driving. Correct bedding-in and application-specific clutch calibration are important; it should not be assumed to feel identical to Stage 1.

Stage 4 — Kevlar® and ceramic / high performance

Combines FXSS-SC Kevlar® and BFXX ceramic for a stronger performance emphasis and less priority on low-speed comfort. PEGA lists gated manual and selected F1 performance/track applications. Have the complete vehicle setup reviewed before choosing this stage for an automated manual or modified engine.

Stage 5 — Full ceramic / racing only

Full BFXX ceramic prioritizes racing use over smooth everyday engagement. PEGA describes it as its harshest comfort category and lists racing and selected twin-turbo applications. It is not intended for regular comfort driving. A Stage 5 designation alone does not establish that a clutch will hold every turbocharged engine’s output.

Power output and clutch torque capacity

A clutch transfers engine power; fitting a higher stage does not create additional engine horsepower. HP or kW describes power, while Nm or lb-ft describes torque. Clutch selection must account for the engine’s torque delivery and intended use, not peak horsepower alone.

There is no universal HP or Nm limit stated here for Stages 1–5. Capacity is specific to the complete clutch assembly, including its dimensions, friction surfaces, clamping force, condition and operating temperature. The same lining stage in two different vehicles does not necessarily provide the same capacity.

For a capacity recommendation, provide the vehicle model and year, clutch part number, manual or automated transmission type, engine modifications, measured or expected HP and torque, and street/track use. Identify whether dyno figures are measured at the engine or wheels. Use the rating confirmed for that exact clutch configuration in the product specification or written quotation.

Related PEGA terms and installation information

  • HPC: High Performance Clutch, used in PEGA’s lining terminology.
  • FX4C-SC: PEGA’s organic lining family, used in Stages 1 and 2.
  • FXSS-SC: PEGA’s Kevlar® lining family, used in Stages 3 and 4.
  • BFXX: PEGA’s ceramic-based lining family, used in the Stage 2 and 4 combinations and the full-ceramic Stage 5.
  • Break-in / bedding-in: The initial operating process that establishes contact between the friction surfaces. Follow the instructions supplied for the actual lining and vehicle; there is no single mileage rule given here for all stages.
  • Engagement feel: How progressively or abruptly drive takes up. A harsher engagement rating does not automatically mean a heavier clutch pedal.
  • PIS / calibration: Applicable automated manual systems require the correct installation and learning procedures. Stage selection does not replace diagnosis, bleeding or calibration.
  • Included work: The chosen stage identifies the lining specification. Flywheel work, release bearings, sensors, hydraulic repairs and other services are included only when stated in the listing or approved estimate.

PEGA’s stage and lining guide · About PEGA Clutch · Ask GTE to match a stage to your vehicle

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